I would like to say I know a bit about how other Pagan religions practice magic, but I don't. I only know how Wiccan magic can work. Wiccan spells usually orient themselves around the lunar calendar. For instance, a spell will be most potent during a full moon. There are two types of spells; deosil ones, which are constructive, or create something, and widdershin ones, which are destructive or get rid of something. An example of a deosil spell would do something like make you more attractive, while a widdershin spell would get rid of an illness. I'll go into more detail about deosil and widdershin spells when I do a more detailed post on spells.
There are multiple different skills Pagans can use to practice magic, or the Craft. They can specialize their skills with potions, divination, herbology, and charms. I know, it sounds a lot like Harry Potter, but that's probably the most well-known and most accurate presentation of magic in popular culture. Even within these different methods of practicing magic, there are a variety of specific skills. For instance, there are multiple forms of divination; tarot cards, rune-casting, water-gazing, palm-reading, and others. Usually a Pagan will focus on one maybe two fields, depending on what they are interested in and what their strengths are.
I should tell you that in my experience, I have not done any spellwork, but this doesn't mean that I haven't encountered magic. Like I said before, magic is everywhere. The trick is being able to recognize it. I have tried to perform astral projection, and I'm not exactly sure how successful it was. For those who don't know, astral projection is kind of like an out-of-body meditation experience; you go to a spirit realm (names vary depending on your beliefs) and can explore it freely. Usually this is done to gain magical or spiritual knowledge.
What questions do you have on magic? I can try to answer them, or maybe someone else can do a better job. I would ask you to describe your experiences with magic, but I know that some Pagans would take offense to simply being asked such a question. So if you want to share then do; I'd like to know, but I also don't want to offend anyone.